From brightly colored fruit roll ups to that “irresistible” red sports drink, artificial dyes are everywhere—adding a pop of color to our favorite foods, cosmetics, and even medications. But here’s the catch: those vibrant hues often come from synthetic chemicals, not nature’s palette. The biggest culprits? Red 40 and Red 3, two of the most widely used artificial dyes in the U.S. While they may make products look more appealing, concerns about their impact on health have sparked heated debates and even regulatory action from the FDA. So, what’s really lurking behind that bright red glow? Let’s dive into the not-so-pretty truth about artificial red dyes.

What are the types of Red Dye used in foods, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals?

1. Red 40 (Allura red AC): The most common synthetic red dye in processed foods, beverages, and medications.
2. Red 3 (Erythrosine): Used in candies, baked goods, and some medications but now under FDA scrutiny.
3. Carmine (Cochineal Extract): A natural dye made from crushed cochineal insects, commonly used in yogurts, drinks, and cosmetics.

What are the health concerns associated with Red Dye?

• Hyperactivity in Children: Some studies suggest that artificial food dyes, including Red 40, may contribute to hyperactivity and behavioral issues in children.
• Allergic Reactions: Certain red dyes, particularly Carmine, have been linked to allergic reactions in sensitive individuals.
• Cancer Risk: Red 3 has been found to cause thyroid tumors in animal studies, leading to FDA action to revoke its authorization in food and ingested drugs.
• Potential DNA Damage: Some studies suggest that artificial red dyes may contribute to oxidative stress and DNA damage.

So, what’s the deal with Red Dye usage in the US?

• Red 40: Currently approved for use in food, beverages, and medications, though under ongoing review for potential health effects.
• Red 3: The FDA has announced plans to revoke its authorization for use in food and ingested drugs due to safety concerns. Companies which use Red 3 in food and pharmaceuticals will have until January 15, 2027 or January 18, 2028, respectively, to eliminate the ingredient from their products.
• Carmine: Allowed but must be clearly labeled due to allergy concerns.
• Other Dyes: Some synthetic red dyes, such as Ponceau 4R and Amaranth, are banned in the U.S. but permitted in other countries.

Our thoughts

Red dyes are mainly in processed foods, medications and cosmetics. If you eat a whole foods diet, free of or with limited processed foods - you should be steering clear of this additive. We recommend reading labels and taking extra caution. 

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For those looking to avoid synthetic dyes, natural alternatives include:

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• Beet juice extract (used in natural food coloring)
• Paprika extract (adds a reddish hue to foods)
• Pomegranate juice (a natural source of red pigmentation)

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While red dyes remain widely used in the U.S., growing health concerns have led to increased FDA regulation. Checking ingredient labels and opting for natural alternatives can help minimize potential risks. If you are sensitive to food dyes, choosing products with plant-based colorants may be a safer option. And remember, avoiding processed foods altogether goes a long way!